Skin Cancer
What is skin cancer?
Skin cancer occurs when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably, usually due to damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Over time, this damage can cause mutations in the cells, resulting in cancer. While anyone can develop skin cancer, certain factors, such as fair skin, excessive sun exposure, or a history of sunburns, can increase risks.
Protect your skin:
Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30+ daily. Apply generously 20 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours.
Wear protective clothing. Cover your skin with long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses to minimise UV exposure.
Avoid tanning beds. Artificial UV radiation from tanning beds can significantly increase your risk of developing skin cancer.
Types of Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as a pink, raised lump or a pink-red scaly patch on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, or hands. BCC grows slowly and rarely spreads, but early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent further skin damage. If you notice any unusual skin changes, consult a dermatologist promptly.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin cancer that typically develops on sun-exposed areas of the body. It often appears as a red, scaly patch, a sore that doesn’t heal, or a thickened, crusty growth. SCC can grow quickly and, if left untreated, may spread to other parts of the body. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the best outcomes.
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.
It often develops in existing moles or as a new dark spot on the skin with irregular borders and varied colours. It can spread rapidly to other areas of the body, making early detection crucial.
There are 4 Main Types of Melanoma
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Superficial Spreading Melanoma (SSM) is the most common type of melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. It often begins as a flat or slightly raised patch with irregular borders and varying shades of brown, black, or pink. SSM typically develops on sun-exposed skin and can spread across the surface before growing deeper into the skin.
Nodular Melanoma
Nodular Melanoma is an aggressive form of melanoma that grows quickly and penetrates deeper layers of the skin. It often appears as a firm, raised bump that may be black, blue, or dark brown, though it can also be red or skin-colored. Unlike other melanomas, it tends to grow vertically rather than spreading across the skin's surface.
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (ALM) is a rare but serious form of melanoma that typically develops on the palms, soles of the feet, or under the nails. It often starts as a dark, irregular patch or streak that may grow or change over time. ALM is more common in people with darker skin tones and can be harder to detect in its early stages. If you notice unusual spots or streaks on your hands, feet, or nails, consult a dermatologist promptly.
Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Lentigo Maligna Melanoma (LMM) is a type of melanoma that typically develops on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck, or arms, in older individuals. It begins as a flat, slow-growing patch of dark, uneven pigmentation, often evolving from a precancerous lesion called lentigo maligna. Over time, LMM can grow deeper into the skin, making early detection and treatment essential. If you notice a dark, irregular patch that changes in size or colour, consult a dermatologist as soon as possible.
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